An initial damage assessment estimated that it would take three months to return the ship to service. A third carrier, the Yorktown, had been so seriously damaged at the Battle of the Coral Sea that the Japanese believed it sunk, and it spent nearly two weeks limping back to Pearl Harbor. William “Bull” Halsey, had been incapacitated by a serious bout of neurodermatitis and would miss the battle entirely. To further complicate matters, his most senior carrier commander, Vice Adm. Pacific Fleet, could not muster a single battleship, however, and just two of his heavy carriers-the Hornet and the Enterprise-were combat ready. Chester Nimitz, commander in chief of the U.S. intelligence had divined Japanese intentions after breaking the Japanese JN25 naval code, and the Americans had time to prepare their defense. Naval Historical Center (Photo number: NH 63430) Yamamoto Isoroku, commander in chief of Japan's Combined Fleet during World War II.
Their orders were to engage and destroy the American fleet and invade Midway. The 4 heavy aircraft carriers Akagi, Hiryu, Kaga, and Soryu were supplemented by 2 light aircraft carriers, 2 seaplane carriers, 7 battleships, 15 cruisers, 42 destroyers, 10 submarines, and various support and escort vessels. Yamamoto Isoroku sent out the bulk of the Kidō Butai (“Mobile Force”), a massive carrier battle group under the command of Vice Adm. Seeking a naval showdown with the numerically inferior U.S. Clash of carriers Disposition of forcesĭespite a strategic setback at the Battle of the Coral Sea (May 4–8, 1942), the Japanese had continued with plans to seize the Midway Islands and bases in the Aleutians.
Then, after losing the Battle of Midway, Japan was forced on the defensive. This expansion continued relatively unchecked until mid-1942. In World War II the Japanese military forces quickly took advantage of their success at Pearl Harbor to expand their holdings throughout the Pacific and westward toward India. By 1935 the islands had become a regular stopover point for transpacific flights. It was not until the advent of air transportation that the real significance of Midway was appreciated. Navy Department, and the atoll became a connecting point for the submarine cable being laid between Hawaii and the Philippines. Theodore Roosevelt placed Midway under the administration of the U.S. For many years thereafter only slight attention was paid to Midway. in 1867, and the same year a coal depot was established for transpacific steamers, but it was never used. The coral atoll-consisting of Eastern Island and the larger Sand Island to the west-has a total land area of just 2.4 square miles (6.2 square km). The Midway Islands were claimed for the United States on July 5, 1859, by Capt. Learn about the Battle of Midway between the United States and Japan during World War II.
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